It’s been bugging me since I saw it in the New York Times this morning: Sonia Sotomayor gave a lousy defense to an ethics charge over the name of her solo law practice, “Sotomayor & Associates.”
To backtrack a bit, she had a home office that overlapped her tenures at the District Attorney’s office and her stint at Pavin & Harcourt back in 1983-1986. Despite it being a solo practice, she called it “Sotomayor & Associates,” which is misleading since the Times has now confirmed what I had guessed at a month ago: That there were no actual associates.
Here is the defense, as laid out by an expert that the White House apparently retained after my posting appeared: The authority for prohibiting the misleading firm name was merely “advisory.”
That defense is — as defenses go when you are awaiting confirmation to the highest court in the land — just awful. I mean not just a little bit bad, but truly wretched to the point of embarrassing. From the Times article:
White House officials disagreed that the use of the name was a misstep, and they offered a written analysis by Hal R. Lieberman, a former disciplinary committee chief counsel in New York.
“Neither bar opinions nor cases to date have held that it was misleading for a sole practitioner to use the name ‘and Associates’ in such private communications,” he wrote in an e-mail message. “In fact, in the early 1980s, no rule prohibited the use of ‘and Associates’ in these circumstances and the only authority regarding the use of ‘and Associates’ in an advertising context was advisory, not mandatory, and thus not readily enforceable.”
After I wrote my initial post just hours after Judge Sotomayor released her questionnaire responses to the Senate Judiciary Committee, I dug a little further. I found an ethics advisory opinion from 1973 from the New York State Bar Association that was directly on point. It’s in the comments part of that post, but it is worth reprinting here since this has now become an issue:
Opinion 286 — 3/16/73 (1-73)
New York State Bar Association Committee on Professional Ethics
March 16, 1973QUESTION
May an attorney who employs two or more “associates” use firm name “John Smith and Associates”?
OPINION
While not the usual form, there is nothing improper in the use of the firm name “John Smith and Associates”, provided that the lawyer or the firm has in fact two or more lawyer employees so that the name is not misleading. EC 2-10; EC 2-13; ABA 318 (1967); cf. EC 2-11; N.Y. State 45 (1967). However, where there are other partners in addition to those indicated in the firm name, it could be considered misleading to add, after the firm name the words “and Associates”, unless on the letterhead the names of all the partners and, separately, the names of the associates are shown. (ABA 310 (1963).)
So what should Sotomayor have done back in 1983 when she had her own small firm operating out of her home? She had these choices, as I see it:
- Sonia Sotomayor, Esq.
- The Law Office of Sonia Sotomayor
- The Sotomayor Law Firm (See 2005 discussion of “Law Firm” for solo practice by Carolyn Elefant @ MyShingle)
OK, what is past is past.What should she do now? While I hesitate from my tiny little perch in cyberspace to give advice to a Supreme Court nominee, I’m going to do it anyway in the event this comes up in the confirmation hearings or in other news articles.
- Forget that crap from Hal Lieberman about there being no rule and the ethics opinion being merely advisory. You are not before a court of law but the court of public opinion. The rules said you can’t mislead. You said you had associates and you didn’t. End of story. You screwed that up.
- Admit that you screwed it up. Don’t try to lawyer your way out of it. Offer up the simple explanation: You were still in the D.A.’s office at the time and this was a small law practice that only a few relatives and friends even knew about, and you never even gave the name any thought. Yes, it was wrong. But it was done out of inadvertence.
The mistake was minor in the big scheme of things. If the ethics committee found out about it at the time it would have wagged its finger and said no-no, that’s misleading, please change it. That’s it.
Americans don’t expect saints on the bench. Humans are fallible. It’s OK to screw up once in awhile.
But don’t trot out lame excuses. Don’t try to lawyer your way out of this with being “advisory.” That is something that people won’t tolerate.
[Sotomayor tag now added for all Sotomayor posts]
Links to this post:
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Two New Strikes against Judge Sotomayor
As a blog says, Sotomayor’s defense give for using the name “Sotomayor and Associates” for her solo practice is weak. It’s legalistic (that is, it evades the ethics question and makes it a question of rules) and it’s wrong. …posted by Eric Rasmusen @ July 08, 2009 4:24 PM
And it rolls in further, a tide of hypocrisy and
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sotomayor “and associates”
when practicing a bit of law on the side during her time with the manhattan da’s office and at a larger law firm, the nominee called her very small practice “sotomayor & associates” even though it had no lawyers but herself. …posted by Walter Olson @ July 08, 2009 7:20 AM
sotomayor & associates
[guest post by drj]. the new york times addresses sonia sotomayor’s legal practice in the 1980’s: “in her questionnaire, judge sotomayor says she was the “owner” of sotomayor & associates, which she described as a consulting business …posted by DRJ @ July 08, 2009 12:08 AM
By this logic, is it appropriate to use Law Firm if you are a solo practitioner? It’s not much of a firm if it is just one. What about the word Group, as in The Sotomoyor Group, PC? Could she do that? I understand the concern about this being misleading but it’s a curious issue — what if a solo hoped to expand but didn’t. Must he change the name?
# posted by Blogger JR : July 08, 2009 10:49 AM
I see no problem with use of the word “firm” as that does not indicate any particular size. It is merely a business entity that practices law. “Group,” on the other hand, seems to be more problematic as it definitively means more than one.
# posted by Blogger Eric Turkewitz : July 08, 2009 11:01 AM
I wonder if she disclosed her solo firm to her law partners. Without their consent, she rguably breached a fiduciary obligation to them to devote all of her professional time to the firm and its clients. Also, I wonder whether her registration with the Office of Court Administration identified her as maintaining a solo practice in addition to her practice as a partner at her law firm.
# posted by Anonymous Anonymous : July 08, 2009 3:39 PM
I am half way through a post that deals with that subject. Expect it tonight or tomorrow morning.
# posted by Blogger Eric Turkewitz : July 08, 2009 3:42 PM
Unfortunately for Ms. Sotomayor, her self-proclaimed richness and experience derived from being a wise Latina has supposedly elevated her intellect above the rest of us poor mortal male WASPs. Therefore she should have known the consequences of her actions based on a prior ruling. And for further readers, please don’t play the race/sex card; one should not have it both ways.
Will this get her withdrawn? Definitely not. Will this prevent her confirmation? Definitely not. Will the Obama Administration and the media (BIRM) whine if some Senators rightly make her squirm over this (as I think they should)?
Definitely yes.
David in San Diego
# posted by Anonymous Anonymous : July 08, 2009 3:58 PM
As the post says, the defense give for using “and Associates” is weak. It’s legalistic (that is, it evades the ethics question and makes it a question of rules) and it’s wrong.
At the same time, use of that name is quite excusable in her case, unlike the typical case that comes up, because it looks as if no deception occurred and none was intended. If her only use of it was on a tax form, as seems likely, it was an innocent joke to herself. The friends she helped for free surely weren’t relying on her having associates.
Thus, ironically, the reason this incident casts doubt on her fitness to be a judge is that she chooses a legalistic and legally unsound defense when she had a sound defense based on the facts of the case. It shows that she has a weak sense of right and wrong, and of what makes a good legal argument.
# posted by Blogger Eric Rasmusen : July 08, 2009 4:23 PM
…but Al Gore insists there’s no controlling legal authority.
# posted by Anonymous Anonymous : July 08, 2009 6:56 PM
I find it curious that her biography on the website for the Second Circuit makes no mention of Sotomayor and Associates. I find it equally curious that the existence of Sotomayor and Associates overlapped her time at the DA’s Office. It has always been my understanding that a full time assistant district attorney was prohibited from any other form of employment, legal or otherwise.
# posted by Anonymous Anonymous : July 08, 2009 7:29 PM
There is precedent in New York that use of the of the term “and Associates” by a single-member enterprise in any business is inherently misleading:
“Even if it be assumed that the name under which the petitioner intends to do business is not expressly prohibited by Section 924 of the Penal Law nor by Section 82 of the Partnership Law, the County Clerk should not be required under legal compulsion to accept a certificate which is misleading to the public. . . . The certificate offered for filing, by which the petitioner would conduct business as ‘Russell Birdwell and Associates,’ although concededly he has no ‘Associates,’ would inevitably have such a tendency. The statutes which expressly prohibit the use of the designations ‘and company’ or ‘and Co.’, do not imply that all other designations, no matter how misleading, are permissible.” Application of Birdwell, 268 A.D. 642, 53 N.Y.S.2d 77 (1945) (citations omitted).
# posted by Anonymous Anonymous : July 08, 2009 8:05 PM
You actually expect an Obama nominee to have ethics?
# posted by Blogger Ken : July 08, 2009 8:50 PM